Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery operation. Demulsifying agents are added at this stage to aid in breaking the emulsion by. Therefore, desalting dehydration plants are often installed in crude oil production units to remove watersoluble salts from an oil stream. This paper investigates experimentally the effect of five factors gravity settling, chemical treatment, freshwater injection, heating, and mixing on the efficiency of the dehydration desalting process for a kuwaiti crude oil and a. Modelling and optimising of crude oil desalting process. Water, salt and solids impact of organic acids, asphaltenes desalting heavy and opportunity crudes tankage dehydration 3. Crude purchasers place limits on the salt and water contents of the crude they buy, typically.
Control structure design for crude oil quality improvement in. Sep 21, 2015 the optimum experimental conditions for improving desaltingdehydration process were 7 vol% ethylamine dosage, 100f crude oil temperature, 20 vol% adding fresh water, and 30 min settling time. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting. Experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and dehydration article pdf available in chemical engineering communications 1901. Desalting, the removal of formation water from oil, is a vital process in crude oil recovery. Sams, g and h wallace, 2001, improving process efficiencies by optimizing.
Crude oil dehydration and desalting system with a higher. Some of the material in the lecture slides is adapted from several textbooks and electronic resources dehydration and desalting of crude oil lecturer 4 emulsion treatment and dehydration of crude oil the fluid produced at the wellhead consists usually of gas, oil, free water and emulsified water wateroil emulsion. The performance of the desalting dehydration process depends on various process parameters interacting with each other. Mar 06, 2015 desalter in which chemical is added to the crude in order to remove salts, sediments, water and sludge. In difficult applications this wash water can be recovered and recycled in a 2 stage dehydration and desalting process. Degassing to ensure optimum performance the crude oil should be stabilised prior to the electrostatic treater. Experimental investigation of kuwaiti crude oil desaltingdehydration process, m. Electrical desalter is the typical method of crudeoil desalting 2. In petroleum industry normally emulsions encountered are some kind. Dehydration this part deals with the dehydration stage of treatment. The current research presents a process modification aiming to improve the dehydration efficiency of a crude oil desalting unit through the substitution of the mixing valve with an electrical mixing system. A desalting system such as the one shown schematically in fig. A system for crude oil desalting and dehydration in a single vessel is disclosed. In recent times, the proper cachet would be the controloptimisation phase marked by terms such as ddp process control, desalter optimisation control or ddp.
The large population of small water droplets and fines forms very stable crude oil emulsions that. Therefore, to avoid operational problems, dehydrationdesalting. Crude oil dehydration definition and meaning collins. This paper investigates experimentally the effect of five factors gravity settling, chemical treatment, freshwater injection, heating, and mixing on the efficiency of the dehydrationdesalting process for a. The history of crude oil desalting dehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the chemical treatment phase, the electrical enhancement phase and the dilution water phase. Clean dilution or wash water is injected into the crude oil feed to the desalter through a mixing device to dilute the brine to a level where the target salt content can be achieved by the downstream. Introduction when the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. Typically, older crude oil dehydration and desalting treaters use actype.
Spe 181724 highly efficient crude oil dehydration and desalting of. Desalter in which chemical is added to the crude in order to remove salts, sediments, water and sludge. Crude oil desalting emulsion sodium chloride free 30. Have an electrostatics subject matter expert available day and night. This paper investigates experimentally the effect of five factors gravity settling. The process configuration and the electrostatic desalting drum are modeled. The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes was calculated based on the bsw measurement, and oil salinity. Therefore, to avoid operational problems, dehydration desalting plants are installed in crude oil production units to remove watersoluble salts from an oil stream. The history of crude oil desaltingdehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the chemical treatment phase, the electrical enhancement phase and the.
Crude oil dehydration is the removal of water or water vapor from crude oil, by. Wo2018144037a1 systems and methods for crude oil desalting. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical. Desalting process by use of chemical along with electric field. The crude oil and the water are run through a mix valve which brings the salts in contact with the water droplets. Mature crude oil fields are often prone to high water cuts and high content of fines. Typically, older crude oil dehydration and desalting treaters use ac type.
Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to. The water dissolves salt crystals and the mixing distributes the salts into the water, uniformly producing very tiny droplets. Chemicals reduce the surface tension for making removal of salts and water easy. Crude oil pretreatment desalting petroleum refinery. In petroleum industry normally emulsions encountered are some kind of water droplets dispersed in a continuous phase of oil. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and. Control structure design for crude oil quality improvement. Experimental study of desalting and dehydration of two. Step 2 most typical methods of crude oil desalting are chemical. To remove the salts, wash water is added mixed under turbulence to the crude in the.
The modern petroleum refinery has a series of core process units that create clean gasoline and low sulfur diesel fuel. To remove the salts, wash water is added mixed under turbulence to the crude in the incoming crude feed line. Experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and. Modification of an industrial crude oil desalting unit by electric. Petroleum downstream crash course 6 desalting youtube. A computational intelligence based approach for the analysis. The desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the. Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and watersoluble trace metals.
Crude oil dehydration and desalting longdom publishing sl. The first oil refinery unit is crude oil desalting. We use these technologiesperfected over many decadesto provide solutions ranging from singlestage product applications to complete oil treatments to ensure your oil is costeffectively. Objectives of this treatment are first to remove free water and then break the oil emulsions to reduce the remaining emulsified.
View test prep crude oil dehydration and desalting. Process iq electrostatic oil treater performance is the softwareasaservice digital solution that maximizes electrostatic desalting and dehydrating performance and reliability. To minimize downtime and optimize effluent cooling, lowfouling alfa laval heat exchangers are an excellent choice. Therefore, desaltingdehydration plants are often installed in crude oil production units to remove watersoluble. Lecture 4dehydration and desalting of crude oilofp1. Experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and dehydration. Crude oil desalting water washing water is mixed with the incoming crude oil through a mixing valve. Dehydration of crude oilinwater emulsions is typically carried out in washing tanks of various configuration, wherein the emulsified oil is introduction into the tank and passed through a. Building inferential estimators for modeling product.
Although distillation is usually known as the first process in petroleum refineries, in many cases, desalting should take place before distillation figure 3. The purpose of crude oil desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to distillation. Highly efficient dehydration and desalting of crude oil. For heavy crude oil dehydration x20 the alfa laval x20, model ofsx 520t11cegpx, is a high capacity purifier designed for dehydration of crude oil, especially heavy crude oil with an api down to 11.
When a mixture from many crude oil sources is processed in refinery, the salt content can vary greatly. The water dissolves salt crystals and the mixing distributes the salts into the water, uniformly. Results showed that the contactor improved desalting, water in the crude oil was reduced and crude carry. These factors are systematically varied and efficiency is analyzed.
The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining of a refinery. Our main aim in this paper is to examine in details crude oil treatment, which involves dehydration and desalting in order to unearth and seize. If crude oil is left untreated, when it is processed in a refinery the salt can cause various operating problems. Abdelaal hk, zohdy k, abdelkreem m 2018 waste management in crude oil processing. The salt content in the crude oil varies depending on source of the crude oil. Modeling and optimization of desalting process in oil industry. Both natural and chemical desalter are useful for crude having low salts or for batch process. The modern petroleum refinery has a series of core process units that create clean. The system comprises a pressure vessel defining a cavity and comprising a sealed bulkhead separating the cavity into a first. Background 0001 in some geographical areas, fluid produced from a well may yield crude oil having substantial quantities of water and undesired substances, such as salt. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in. Sams, g and h wallace, 2001, improving process efficiencies by optimizing fluid hydraulics in. During the desalting process, the challenge is to overcome the existence of an emulsion layer at the interface between oil and water. Our crude oil treatment technologies include multiphase separation systems, dehydration and desalting electrostatic treaters, and distillate treaters.
Fundamentals of electrical desalting wash water addition. A computational intelligence based approach for the. Spe181724 highly efficient crude oil dehydration and desalting of middle east. After separation by gravity settling, crude oil can be desalted by following the steps. Water and salt associated with oil production can cause considerable operational problems. In the case of waterincrudeoil emulsions, a balanced optimum formulation is. Basra crude oil required a high washing water ratio to increase the rate of water droplet settling in the desalter and the dilution efficiency of salts. Oil fields around the world produce petroleum that is often accompanied by significant amounts of water and salt. Mature crude oil fields are often prone to high water cuts and high content of.
Process iq electrostatic oil treater performance automatically optimizes electrostatic dehydration using active machine learning of optimal power unit operating parameters and crude oil quality feedback to deliver the desired outlet specifications with fewer iterations in less time. Improving crude oil desalting processes reducing the salt content of the treated crude oil to acceptable levels creates high fouling throughout the process. This paper investigates experimentally the effect of five factors gravity settling, chemical treatment, freshwater injection, heating, and mixing on the efficiency of the dehydration desalting process for a kuwaiti crude oil and a commercial demulsifier servo cc 3408. Impact of crude oil quality on desalter performance introduction to desalting crude oil impurities. The salt appears in different forms, most often times it is.
Salt dissolved in water brine enters the crude stream as a contaminant during the production or transportation of oil to refineries. Salt 70 gm3 since salt is dissolved in the water phase, dehydration is also effectively. Dec 12, 2017 a desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting dehydration the two most typical methods of crude oil desalting, chemical and. Crude oil desalterdehydration howebaker international. The design is based on the robust nozzletype centrifuge in order to withstand the demanding situations encountered in the oil producing industry. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. Crude oil introduced to refinery processing contains many undesirable impurities, such as sand, inorganic salts, drilling mud, polymer, corrosion byproduct, etc. Clean dilution or wash water is injected into the crude oil feed to the desalter through a mixing device to dilute the brine to a level where the target salt content can be achieved by the downstream dehydration unit. Benefits of crude oil desalting general overview 2. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation.
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