The four main types of noncommunicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and stroke, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma and diabetes. The prerequisite for success in this fight is the participation of all health care professionals. Communicable disease control 1 chapter one introduction 1. Some common human diseases 266 biology notes module 4 environment and health iii deficiency diseases.
Children and adults with these conditions except ringworm of the body. Reporting communicable diseases to outside agencies all licensed child care programs are required to report outbreaks of some communicable diseases to both community care licensing and the local public health department. Local health departments are required to report some 80 communicable diseases to the california department of public health as part of the disease surveillance and investigation efforts. Nuisance diseases socalled nuisance diseases, such as scabies, head lice pediculosis, ringworm of the body or scalp, and pinworms are highly contagious and can cause problems in a groupcare setting. Division of public health, marion county health department, communicable disease control program, in accordance with sec. Taking these trends into consideration, the ethiopian federal ministry of health has included this module on noncommunicable diseases, emergency care and mental health in the education and training of its health extension practitioners, who provide health promotion and diseases prevention services throughout the rural areas of the country. Diarrhoeal diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever and shigellosis can cause epidemics with. Communicable diseases are spread from person to person or from animal to person. Hence, this process is known as a chain of transmission figure 1. Immigration from or travel to a developing country within 6 months prior to onset.
Mar 29, 2015 while many infectious diseases have been successfully controlled in some parts of the world, many people worldwide are still at risk of these diseases. Communicable disease chart reportable disease refers to individual cases. Communicable and noncommunicable diseases increase at the same rate in low and highincome countries occurring among the same patient populations, and it is fundamental to define an effective and. For this new sixth edition the text has been brought fully up to date throughout. Vitamins and minerals deficiency diseases sex determination genetic disorders diseases caused by microorganisms immunity human. The technical notes describe the definitions, methods, and limitations associated with the epidemiologic summaries. The epidemiology of common communicable diseases center for acute disease epidemiology lucas state office building, 321 e. To reduce that burden an integrated approach is required, combining health promotion, disease prevention and patient treatment. Communicable disease can spread through the air, water or soil or animal intermediates. I can explain the differences between communicable and noncommunicable diseases.
Achievements and challenges 91 introduction public health has had enormous triumphs in the fi eld of infectious disease control,1 as illustrated by the eradication of smallpox, the neareradication of poliomyelitis and the eyeopening discovery that stomach ulcer is caused. Continued and intensified action to safeguard and accelerate these positive trends will be vital for saving lives and improving health globally and achieving the ambitious targets we have jointly set to beat ncds. A list of those diseases which are report able in california is included on the final page of this note. The spread or transfer can happen through the air, through contact.
There are various diseasecausing agents ranging from bacteria and viruses to. Scabies impetigo infectious diarrhea influenza measles pinworms hepatitis b mumps polio pertussis rubella salmonella pneumonia influenza shigella cryptosporidiosis vaccines are available for preventing these diseases often transmitted from infected animals through foods or direct contact communicable disease notes. Acute communicable disease control manual b73 revisionaugust 2011 part iv. Examples include cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. Yearly summaries of selected general communicable diseases in ca.
Communicable disease reference chart for school personnel. For the purposes of this guidance, fever is defined as a temperature 100. Epidemiology of infectious diseases lecture materials. Even as infections and nutritional deficiencies are receding as leading contributors to death and disability, cardiovascular diseases cvds, cancers, diabetes, neuropsychiatric ailments, and other. Communicable diseases, and the associated risk factors, can be grouped as follows. Noninfectious are non communicable diseases and caused by a variety of reasons. Taking these trends into consideration, the ethiopian federal ministry of health has included this module on non communicable diseases, emergency care and mental health in the education and training of its health extension practitioners, who provide health promotion and diseases prevention services throughout the rural areas of the country. Diseases that are catching diseases that are caused by germs or pathogens. Some common human diseases 268 biology notes module 4 environment and health pandemic. Diseases, dekalb county board of health, at 404 5087851.
Some are transmitted through bites from insects while others are caused by ingesting contaminated food or water. Communicable disease diseases that are spread from one person to the other. Technical notes pdf the technical notes describe the definitions, methods, and limitations associated with the epidemiologic summaries. Achievements and challenges for public health ursula schlipkoter,1 antoine flahault2 abstract the past two centuries have seen enormous achievements in control of infectious diseases, previously the leading cause of death, in large measure due to sanitation and food safety, vaccines, antibiotics and improved nutrition. Describe what communicable diseases are explain the epidemiologic principles in control and prevention of communicable diseases describe the surveillance concepts as applied in communicable diseases name the notifiable diseases as stipulated in the public health act explain the approaches used in responding to epidemics. These are caused due to nutritional deficiency such as that of minerals or vitamins in the diet e. Communicable diseases who regional office for africa. Cover nose and mouth with disposable tissue when coughing and sneezing and proper disposal of tissue. Dr oleg chestnov assistant directorgeneral noncommunicable diseases and mental health world health organization. Communicable diseases are common among people these days. I can identify the five barriers that my body used to defend itself against communicable diseases. General illness prevention measures most communicable diseases can be prevented through basic infection control measures such as regular handwashing, practicing respiratory etiquette covering coughs and sneezes, and proper disinfection of high touchhigh traffic surfaces.
Communicable diseases 201516 notes tmcec regional judges programs mark goodner i. Communicable diseases refer to diseases that can be transmitted and make people ill. Communicable or infectious diseases are often transmitted by pathogens. Some of the reasons for the noninfectious disease are genetics, nutritional deficiency, age and sex of the individual and so on. The epidemiologic summaries of selected general communicable diseases in california, describe the epidemiology of selected general communicable diseases in california. The epidemic and endemic patterns of communicable diseases. I can identify the four pathogens virus, bacteria, fungi and protozoa that cause communicable diseases. These recommendations apply only to shoolaged children a more complete discussion of these conditions and other communicable diseases may be found in control of communicable diseases manual 2008 published by the american public health association and the 2009 report of the committee on infectious diseases the red book published by the.
Do not result from an acute infectious process are not communicable cause premature morbidity, dysfunction, and reduced quality of life usually develop and progress over long. You may blame it upon the pollution or the lack of sanitation or hygiene, a disease can disrupt your body functions and make you suffer a lot. Prevention and control of communicable diseases a guide for school administrators, nurses, teachers, child care providers, and parents or guardians department of health and senior services bureau of communicable disease control and prevention jefferson city, mo 65102 573 75161 866 6289891 email. Type of proteins produced by infected cells of the body when attacked by a virus, which act to prevent the further development of the same virus. Concepts on communicable diseases concepts on communicable. Disease control, and communicable noncommunicable diseases. Children and adults with these conditions except ringworm of the body and pinworms should be excluded until treated. Noncommunicable diseases ncds, also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to person. Each state, through the exercise of its police powers, has may intervene in the when necessary for the preservation of the health, safety, and morals of the community. Transmission is a process in which several events happen one after the other in the form of a chain.
Communicable diseases lecture notes for nurses, includes most important diseases to learn for nclex exam and clinical practices. Texas department of state health services, infectious disease. Infections and infectious diseases are a great burden on many societies, including the countries in the who european region. People with aplastic crisis are communicable up to 1 week after onset of symptoms. The idb yearly summaries of selected communicable diseases in california provide important health information on the magnitude and burden of communicable diseases in california.
Has the ability to repair itself, to fight off attacking microorganisms and adapt to a variety of situations often time microorganisms enter the body and attempt to infect the body causing a disease a disease is a condition where an organism experiences impaired function often with detrimental symptoms. Ltd, pondicherry, india printed and bound in the uk by biddles ltd, kings lynn webbercommunicable disease epidemiology and control, 2nd edition final. Vitamins and minerals deficiency diseases sex determination genetic disorders diseases caused by microorganisms immunity human immune system aids acquired immuno. Also, communicable diseases typically have a longer duration than infectious diseases. Communicable diseases are diseases that can easily be spread from one person to another through contact and proximity.
It is therefore ideal for both the student and the practitioner. While many infectious diseases have been successfully controlled in some parts of the world, many people worldwide are still at risk of these diseases. There are various kinds of diseases basically divided into two categories, communicable and non communicable diseases. Communicable diseases for school and community health promotion to start a curriculumoriented journey to address the problem. Yearly summaries of selected general communicable diseases. Assignment list the communicable diseases that are endemic in specific regions of this country list the communicable diseases that are epidemic in specified regions of this. Infectious diseases communicable diseases 80% of these can be prevented by simple sanitary measures. When a communicable disease is diagnosed and suspected. Noninfectious are noncommunicable diseases and caused by a variety of reasons. Communicable disease notes for schools and childcare centers pdf file, 33kb exclusion and readmission. Texas department of state health services, infectious. I can explain the differences between communicable and non communicable diseases.
Epidemics of noncommunicable diseases ncd are presently emerging or accelerating in most developing countries murray and lopez 1996. Global platform may 2011 disaster risk management for. Describe the burden of communicable diseases in ethiopia. Diseases acute, chronic, communicable diseases pmf ias.
Nutritional problems the magnitude of infectious diseases in ethiopia can be seen from the 1993 e. The book integrates basic science with clinical practice with diseaseorientated descriptions and clinical presentations on a systembysystem basis. A pathogen can be a bacteria, virus, protist, or fungi. For ncds, all disease events are generally independent of one another. There has been a recent trend to look at the importance of social factors that cluster together and are associated. Acute and chronic diseases, communicable diseases, organspecific diseases, principles of treatment, principles of prevention, diseases in indian children. Epidemiologic summaries of selected general communicable. Video created by emory university for the course health in complex humanitarian emergencies.
Some important concepts related to diseases from previous posts. Communicable and non communicable diseases increase at the same rate in low and highincome countries occurring among the same patient populations, and it is fundamental to define an effective and. They are of long duration and generally slow progression. This core text provides an excellent concise introduction to infectious diseases.
821 1210 1284 793 1204 685 689 1124 1079 1226 1043 825 538 409 993 156 1302 582 1476 180 60 1030 1088 527 672 1050 1435 1012 1038 1023 284 572 667 867 141 616 210 239 1057 737 660 765 1473 117 1437